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Showing posts from December, 2025

Overview of DC-DC Step-down Buck Converters from Aliexpress

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Testing Conditions and Parameters — In most cases, I tested with an input voltage of 20V and an output set to 5V. The testing was terminated when any component on the module reached a temperature of 212°F(100°C). Dropout Voltage — This is the minimum possible difference between the input and output voltage. For example, if we have a 12V input and a dropout voltage of 0.7V, we cannot obtain more than 11.3V at the output. Quite often, the voltage drop is directly dependent on the current. Quiescent Current - This is the amount of current consumed by the module with no load connected. Switching Frequency - This is the frequency at which the power transistor controls the flow of current to the inductor. Higher frequencies result in lower output ripple, which allows for the use of more compact inductors and capacitors. However, there is a drawback: increasing the frequency increases the heat generation of the power transistors and the level of high-frequency noise. Non-s...

Orange Pi Zero 3 - exploring GPIO

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GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output, or General-Purpose Pins) is a fundamental concept that came into the world of powerful SoCs (System-on-a-Chip) directly from the realm of microcontrollers. It is the main bridge for your single-board computer to interact with simple external devices, in addition to more complex hardware interfaces (such as I2C, SPI, UART, or I2S). While specialized protocols transmit data streams, GPIO allows you to work at the lowest level -controlling individual digital signals. With each pin you can: Read the state (input): For example, check if a button is pressed, or if the signal is “1” or “0”. Control the state (output): For example, turn on an LED, activate a relay, or send a signal to another component. In this article, I want to provide a quick overview of the methods for working with GPIO on the Orange Pi Zero 3 (which is based on the Allwinner H618 SoC ). Of course, these methods are not unique and can be applied to other single-board computers a...